NorWood Director

Equivalents for Slide-in and Slide-out readings!
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NORWOOD DIRECTOR

History
n the mid-1930's,Captain Don Norwood invented the photosphere - a key part of the incident type exposure meter. It is through the photosphere that incident light is measured accurately, using what is called the Incident Hemisphere Principal.
n the early 1940's, Karl Freund, the Cinematographer on the Lucy Show, founded Photo Research -the former parent Company of Spectra Cine, Inc. Karl secured manufacturing rights for light meters utilizing the photosphere principle from Don Norwood. Mr. Freund started manufacturing exposure meters under the U.S. registered Trademark name of "SPECTRA" in 1947. The name of the Meter was Spectra Classic. (Nowadays sold as the Spectra Combi).About 1 year later the model was redesigned and became the oval shaped NorWood Director.(1948). It was marketed by the American Bolex Company.
ollowing the expiration of Captain Norwood's Patent in 1960, manufacturers from Japan and Germany began manufacturing exposure meters with this Incidence Hemisphere Principal. Kolmorgen, a publically traded company on the New York Stock Exchange, purchased Photo Research in the mid-1960's. Hence, there was already the inverted Cone (Invercone) by Weston Master and considered as the ultimate solution.

**History**
n the mid-1930's,Captain Don Norwood invented the photosphere - a key part of the incident type exposure meter. It is through the photosphere that incident light is measured accurately, using what is called the Incident Hemisphere Principal. n the early 1940's, Karl Freund, the Cinematographer on the Lucy Show, founded Photo Research -the former parent Company of Spectra Cine, Inc. Karl secured manufacturing rights for light meters utilizing the photosphere principle from Don Norwood. Mr. Freund started manufacturing exposure meters under the U.S. registered Trademark name of "SPECTRA" in 1947. The name of the Meter was Spectra Classic. (Nowadays sold as the Spectra Combi).About 1 year later the model was redesigned and became the oval shaped NorWood Director.(1948). It was marketed by the American Bolex Company. ollowing the expiration of Captain Norwood's Patent in 1960, manufacturers from Japan and Germany began manufacturing exposure meters with this Incidence Hemisphere Principal. Kolmorgen, a publically traded company on the New York Stock Exchange, purchased Photo Research in the mid-1960's. Hence, there was already the inverted Cone (Invercone) by Weston Master and considered as the ultimate solution.

A little more history
This is the history of L-398M given to John D.esq by MR.Yasuko Kuroi (Sekonic).
n 1945, Mr Honma from Japan was stationed in China during the World War II.
He found a light meter in the occupied airport there. The meter had the name of "Norwood".
It turned out this meter was designed by Mr. Norwood, Colonel of American Air Force, for an air photo of reconnaissance during the war.

fter the war, this meter was handed over to Mr.Mitani, the first President of Sekonic.
Mr. Mitani visited Mr. Brockway in the U.S.A., negotiated and got the rights of producing these meters when Norwood quitted producing by themselves.
Brockway Camera Corporation (U.S.A.) started to sell the meter.
Accordingly, Sekonic brought the meter to Japan as a Japanese version of the "Brockway Meter"

1957, Sekonic started to market and sell "Sekonic Studio S" (L-28)
1964, "Sekonic Studio Deluxe" (L-28C) with the minor change of dial and needle stopper.
1970, "Sekonic Studio Deluxe" (L-28C2) with the minor change of dial and needle stopper.
1976, "Sekonic Studio Deluxe" (L-398)" with the change of calibration constant (standard)
1989, Today's L-398M "Studio Dellux" with the change of dial and selectable button for the needle of stopper/or continuousely swinging.

**A little more history**
This is the history of L-398M given to John D.esq by MR.Yasuko Kuroi (Sekonic).
n 1945, Mr Honma from Japan was stationed in China during the World War II. He found a light meter in the occupied airport there. The meter had the name of "Norwood". It turned out this meter was designed by Mr. Norwood, Colonel of American Air Force, for an air photo of reconnaissance during the war. fter the war, this meter was handed over to Mr.Mitani, the first President of Sekonic. Mr. Mitani visited Mr. Brockway in the U.S.A., negotiated and got the rights of producing these meters when Norwood quitted producing by themselves. Brockway Camera Corporation (U.S.A.) started to sell the meter. Accordingly, Sekonic brought the meter to Japan as a Japanese version of the "Brockway Meter" 1957, Sekonic started to market and sell "Sekonic Studio S" (L-28) 1964, "Sekonic Studio Deluxe" (L-28C) with the minor change of dial and needle stopper. 1970, "Sekonic Studio Deluxe" (L-28C2) with the minor change of dial and needle stopper. 1976, "Sekonic Studio Deluxe" (L-398)" with the change of calibration constant (standard) 1989, Today's L-398M "Studio Dellux" with the change of dial and selectable button for the needle of stopper/or continuousely swinging.

The Director became famous in the late 40's, especially in Cinematographer and Filmdirector circles. The Norwood Directors and its descendants like the Brockway and later the Sekonic Studio de Luxe actually still are! Very nice collector items also, there are many different models, though the basics are still unchanged.
This meter is for measuring illuminance expressed in foot-candles or incident light. Whenever the need arise it can be used as a reflected light meter also(PhotoGrid).
I will give a resume here which are very usefull today:

Norwood Director Type D
Brockway M2
Brockway Sekonic S (Silver front panel)
Sekonic S (Black Panel)L-28A
Sekonic L-28C/L28C2
Sekonic L-398/L398M

Typical Specs:
Types A through M2

Incident Light scale: 3.2 -1000 (slide out)
foot-candles: 3.2 -1000 x 30 (slide in)
ASA Range: .1 - 1000
Shutter Speeds: 140 seconds - 1/1200
F-Stops: f1.4 - f45
Cine: 8 - 64 fps
Typical Specs:
Types Brockway S - Sekonic S

Incident Light scale: 3.2 -1000 (slide out)
foot-candles: 3.2 -1000 x 30 (slide in)
ASA Range: .1 - 1000
Shutter Speeds: 140 seconds - 1/1200
F-Stops: f1.4 - f45
Ev Values: 1 - 20
Polaroid: 1 - 20
Cine: 8 - 64 fps

Typical Specs:
Types L-28/L-28c2

Measuring system Incident light type/reflected light measurement
Measuring range (ISO 100) EV4 ~ EV17 (for incident light)EV9 ~ EV17 (for reflected light)
Film speed ISO 6 ~ 12000
f/stop f/1.0 ~ f/90
Shutter speed 60 sec. ~ 1/2000 sec.
Movie scale 8 fps. ~ 128 fps.
Weight 190 grams - 6.7 oz.
Dimensions 112 x 58 x 34mm - 4.4 x 2.3 x 1.3"
Set of 11 direct reading slides sold separately.
Typical Specs:
Types L-398M

Measuring system Incident light type, reflected light measurement is also possible
Measuring range (ISO 100) EV4 ~ EV17 (for incident light)EV9 ~ EV17 (for reflected light)
Film speed ISO 6 ~ 12000
f/stop f/1.0 ~ f/90
Shutter speed 60 sec. ~ 1/8000 sec.
Movie scale 8 fps. ~ 128 fps.
Weight 190 grams - 6.7 oz.
Dimensions 112 x 58 x 34mm - 4.4 x 2.3 x 1.3"
Set of 11 direct reading slides sold separately.

Equivalents for Slide-in and Slide-out readings!
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	Typical Specs: Types A through M2 Incident Light scale: 3.2 -1000 (slide out) foot-candles: 3.2 -1000 x 30 (slide in) ASA Range: .1 - 1000 Shutter Speeds: 140 seconds - 1/1200 F-Stops: f1.4 - f45 Cine: 8 - 64 fps			Typical Specs: Types Brockway S - Sekonic S Incident Light scale: 3.2 -1000 (slide out) foot-candles: 3.2 -1000 x 30 (slide in) ASA Range: .1 - 1000 Shutter Speeds: 140 seconds - 1/1200 F-Stops: f1.4 - f45 Ev Values: 1 - 20 Polaroid: 1 - 20 Cine: 8 - 64 fps
	Typical Specs: Types L-28/L-28c2 Measuring system Incident light type/reflected light measurement Measuring range (ISO 100) EV4 ~ EV17 (for incident light)EV9 ~ EV17 (for reflected light) Film speed ISO 6 ~ 12000 f/stop f/1.0 ~ f/90 Shutter speed 60 sec. ~ 1/2000 sec. Movie scale 8 fps. ~ 128 fps. Weight 190 grams - 6.7 oz. Dimensions 112 x 58 x 34mm - 4.4 x 2.3 x 1.3" Set of 11 direct reading slides sold separately.			Typical Specs: Types L-398M Measuring system Incident light type, reflected light measurement is also possible Measuring range (ISO 100) EV4 ~ EV17 (for incident light)EV9 ~ EV17 (for reflected light) Film speed ISO 6 ~ 12000 f/stop f/1.0 ~ f/90 Shutter speed 60 sec. ~ 1/8000 sec. Movie scale 8 fps. ~ 128 fps. Weight 190 grams - 6.7 oz. Dimensions 112 x 58 x 34mm - 4.4 x 2.3 x 1.3" Set of 11 direct reading slides sold separately.